A via that provides the connection between signal traces on different planes creates return path discontinuities (RPDs), because the return current has to jump between the planes to close the current loop, affecting signal integrity. Vias may produce small discontinuities in signal and power integrity in high speed designs. A via on an IC is often called a through-silicon via (TSV). Generally, the more energy being dissipated, the more vias are needed to connect the thermal pad to the underlying copper layers that can distribute the thermal energy. Vias provide a path for electrical and thermal energy to move from layer to layer on a PCB or an integrated circuit (IC). Vias can be categorized into four different types: blind via, buried via, through via, and stub via.Ī via is a design technology that allows for more complex designs without increasing the board layer count or the board size. Then, different via configurations are possible by drilling at every stacking or piling stage. Layers past the first two are piled or stacked from this fundamental building block. PCB manufacturing begins with a core - the first 2-sided PCB.
Latin for path or way, a via is an electrical connection between PCB layers to pass a signal from one layer to the other. Vias are only for routing signals between multi-layer PCBs or packages - single layer designs do not require vias. Multilayer boards provide higher capacity and speed within a smaller footprint.Ī "via" (acronym for Vertical Interconnect Access), is a hole drilled into a PCB and then electroplated to make it conductive. Blind and buried vias are utilized on boards with at least four layers. Some of design engineers' most animated online debates are around the topic of 4-layer PCB blind vias and buried vias, or "BB vias" - when their use is justified, and warnings of their high manufacturing costs.
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The comprehensive experience of senior electronics designers provides a keen overview to understanding why design rules are in place, and how to weigh costs against possible design configurations. Other times one reads frank discussions amongst seasoned designers about the limitations of certain processes or design software, admissions of design ideas that went awry and how much the failed design cost their company. Often it is the experienced senior engineers giving guidance to new engineers designing their first PCBs. and assisting one another with printed circuit board (PCB) design challenges. I love reading online "tech chats" between electronic designers when they are comparing notes.
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